01 ml = 10 mg: 0. Available in a selection of VG/PG ratios , ideal for shortfills. Dosage forms: injectable solution (10 mg/mL; 10 mg/mL preservative-free; 4 mg/mL), intravenous solution (6 mg/25 mL-NaCl 0. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. This has space for 3 x 18-20mg nic shots (nicotine. 85 With Fast Delivery. 6 (4. 99. If you’re using a shortfill, you need to be sure the amounts of nicotine you’re adding to the bottle are correct, this nic shot calculator allows you to input: Current 0mg E-liquid (ml) E. 20mg. You Will Need: 1 x 18mg Nic Shot; How Much Nic Shot To Use With 100ml E-Liquid. 5 mg dose pen, 1 mg dose pen, 1. 5mg) 2 nic shots — low nicotine (3mg) 4-5 nic shots — medium nicotine (6mg) Nic Shots and Nicotine Strength Guides at myCigara At. 20 Points. 1 % per mg/ml. 99 100ml. Using our nicotine shot calculator is quick and easy. 1ml of 50mg/ml. Acest booster shot are un raport de 50%VG / 50% PG. 8% then 1. To mix up your liquid, you open up your fresh bottle of nicotine free juice and pop off the pipette. STEP 2: 14 mg patch transdermally once a day. Give your short fill e-liquid a boost with a nic shot. How to use the E-liquid Calculator. ( 1 customer review) £ 1. Taste test by putting a drop on your finger or you can smell the mix. By adding a nic shot to your juice will give you either 3mg or 6mg nicotine strength. So you can stock up on 100ml bottles of high-quality e-liquid in whatever combination you want. For comparison's sake: a 3mg freebase nicotine e-liquid will have about as much throat hit as a 20mg nic salt solution. 8 % nicotine, and a 6 mg/ml e-liquid is 0. 02. 5mg of VG? I've got a lot of 100ml bottles I need nic in and it's better value to buy 250ml 72mg Nic than is it to buy 40+ mix shots. 5 mL syringes are for 30 to 50 units of insulin and are numbered at 1-unit intervals. Nicotine salt is the natural state of tobacco found in its leaves. com on Aug 2, 2023. To. To convert from mg/mL to percent, divide the nicotine strength by 10. 20mg/ml. The percentage represents how much nicotine is in the e-liquid in total, for example many disposable vapes have 2% written on them. In stock. However, calculating how many nicotine shots you need is very simple. 1 (0. 5%. A bottle. Try Nicotine shots and beat the cravings! We offer free UK delivery and amazing prices. This means you can have as much as 20mg nicotine strength in a 10ml bottle!. Size in oz. 00 out of 5 based on 1 customer rating. £ 0. 4 mg dose pen: 3mg tablet, 7mg tablet, 14mg tablet: Dose: weekly: weekly: daily: Uses: Used to help control blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetic patients, it is used together with diet and exercise. Add a nic shot for a larger quantity of nicotine. To make 10ml into 3mg strength liquid. Nicotine Shot 10ml. So an 18 mg/ml e-liquid is also 1. Open pod kits, which are refillable, are a great choice for nic salt vapers, as they are convenient and you can choose the. Buy Now. The current (2014) legal BAC limit for driving in the UK and throughout the USA, as well as all Canadian provinces, is 80 mg/100 ml, although lowering this to 50 mg/100 ml has been. warmth, pain, redness, stiffness, bruising, or puffiness where the medicine was injected; nausea, stomach pain; trouble walking; swelling in your hands or feet; back pain, joint pain, muscle pain; numbness or tingly feeling; headache, dizziness; or. How to make your E-Liquid Nic shot mixing guide 1. 5mg 10mg 20mg. Blue Raspberry Lemonade 100ml Shortfill by Blow! Blue Raspberry | Lemonade £14. Nicotine Salt 3; Standard Nic 7; Bottle Size. 20mg Nic Salts are ideal for new vapers making the transition from smoking to vaping. 50. This will create a 50/50 6 mg/ml overall e-liquid. Nicotine Strength. 100ml shortfill: Add 1 x 18mg nicotine shot. 60 ml bottle of juice = 3 x 10ml bottle of nicotine shot. 99 – £ 16. Milk:-. 3 standard drinks As of Jan 2023, Canada has updated its Guidance on Alcohol and Health. From this alcohol formula, they derived an equation for alcohol by volume: ABV = ABW × (1. 5” into “how many nic shots?” and “18mg” into “nic shot mg?”. 6mg. 7 mL X 59 mg/mL), but an average pack of cigarettes contains 204 mg of nicotine (20 cigarettes X 10. 15 to 0. Nic shots are generally used with short fill bottles of vape juice which commonly come in sizes of 50ml and 100ml with up to an extra 20ml of free space to add nicotine shots; most juices will leave enough space for you to add between 2 and 4 10ml bottles of nic shots, but this depends on the size of the juice bottle you will be adding the. Now adding a 10ml nic shot suspended in any base will give us a total e-liquid amount of 60ml. Initial dose: 25 to 300 mg per day Comments:Values ranged from 58 mg up to 185 mg for a double shot. So that’s a little bit about. 42 ml : 800 mg = 0. Make e-liquid how you like it with our easy to use e-liquid calculator. From £0. Uses: Palliative management of leukemia and lymphoma in adults Usual Adult Dose for Nephrotic Syndrome. Designed for MTL vaping, you’ll find plenty of 50/50 e-liquids as well as high PG options perfect for vape pens and pod kits. 99. So, if you have a 6 mg/mL e-juice, this is equal. For example, a 6mg/mL nicotine strength is equivalent to 0. 5mg 25ml shortfill: Add 1/4 of an 18mg nicotine shot. So if you're using a nicotine shot that says 1. Due to the current TPD laws in force in the UK, E-liquid that contains nicotine cannot be sold in bottles above 10ml. 10-20 injections. Available in salt and freebase blends. 100ml. If you have a shortfill bottle (120 ml total capacity) and 100 ml of 0% nicotine strength e-liquid, you can use either the 1. You can, however, can mix a flavourless nic shot with a high VG 50ml or 100ml shortfill bottle as this will dilute the nic shot with the more suitable thicker e-liquid. Since we know how many puffs you could potentially achieve from a 60ml, we can. If you were to add two shots to a 100ml Shortfill bottle, you would end up with 120ml of E Liquid at 3mg strength. 10mg of sunflower oil is 0. If you have a larger bottle - say a 100ml (when you’re really ready to commit to a flavour) they’ll come with enough space for two nicotine shots meaning you pop two in for the. 8 ounces. Rated 5. mg/mL: mOsmol/mL (calc. 5mg) 2 nic shots — low nicotine (3mg) 4-5 nic shots — medium nicotine (6mg) Nic Shots and Nicotine Strength Guides at myCigara At myCigara, we exist to make the UK smoke-free. As there are no other ingredients, nic shots are flavourless and designed purely to be added to short-fill e-liquids. If you have a 100ml shortfill, then 2 x 10ml nic shots create a 120ml E-Liquid with 3mg of nicotine. This range is a selection of 120ml bottles containing 100ml of nicotine-free e-liquid. Club Juice Value. 00. 10 for £39 Mix 'n' Match. Perfect for Smokers of 10 standard strength cigarettes a day. 1 nic shot — very low nicotine (1. £6. Find out how many Percent are in one Milligram per Milliliter. Within Europe, the maximum strength you can buy is 20mg (2%) but is normally sold in 18mg strengths. 5 shots to 80ml and 2 shots to a 1. choose your flavour and 10mg or 20mg strengths. 07 / can) $153. 2 =0. This is why for nic salts, we would only ever recommend a coil with a resistance greater than one. Choose from their creamy or fruity range. Skip to the end of the images gallery. 2x 18mg nicotine shots = 6mg50:50 Nic Shots: Ideal for adding to short fills containing a 50:50 VG:PG ratio. Redness or pain at the injection site, stomach upset, headache, dizziness, trouble sleeping, or weight gain may occur. In general, an 18 MG 10ml nicotine shot added to a 50ml of nicotine-free ejuice will provide 3 MG of nicotine. Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Nicotine Salt e-liquids, often referred to as nic salts, are designed to mimic the strength and sensation of the nicotine found in a traditional tobacco cigarette. Eliquid Type: Salt Nicotine. As the name suggests, the bottles are slightly underfilled,. Nic shots come in 10ml bottles and are completely TPD compliant. PG VG ratio: 100 % PG, 100 % VG, PG/VG 50/50. No 20 mg is 20 mg. by Peter lam February 8, 2021 You’ve got your short fills, but how much nicotine do you need to add? Learn all about short fills and the right nicotine level for you, then use our. Buy HVG Nic Shot 18mg 70VG/30PG E-liquid From Vaportitto. Our nicotine shots are 100% VG and designed for. To make a 6mg e-liquid, mix 1 part nicotine to 2 parts flavoured base (your PG, VG and flavour concentrates). Also, 10 x 72 = 720. 100ml 0mg to make 3mg = 2 x 20mg shots Simply add two high PG nic shots to any 70/30 short fill and give it a good shake. Nic salts are available in lower strengths too and can be enjoyed by many types of vapers. 2% nicotine in 1000mg of liquid = 12mg/ml. Cut open the tip of the Sapphyre Nic Shot tube and add the appropriate amount to the bottle of vape juice. 99 $21. Nic Nic Nicotine Salt shots and contain Benzoate Acid to bump up the strengths. 5 ounces of distilled spirits. Furthermore, the majority of nic salts tend to be 50VG / 50PG ratio. 6 ounces) of pure alcohol. 26-10-2021. 18+ Only Make My Vape sells products containing Nicotine which can only be sold to those 18 years of age or older. Just divide the amount in mg/mL by 10. A nicotine shot or nic shot, is a 10ml bottle of pure nicotine which is generally unflavoured. We also sell nicotine shots that can increase certain flavour notes or ice nicotine shots that make any e-liquid have a menthol hit. Salt nicotine is usually. Nic Nic – Nicotine Salt – 10ml Bottle. In some cases, extra levels such as 1. To make 3mg nicotine strength:50ml Shortfill - Add 1 x 18mg Nic Shot100ml Shortfill - Add 2 x 18mg Nic Shot To make 6mg nicotine strength (5. 3. The maximum dose is 10 mg not more than once in every 48 hours. The. Sources Refer to relevant. 11 Apr 2019. The lethal dose for children is around 6 mg. 18mg. Strengths range from lowest e-liquid, i. High VG . Rated 5. 5 mg or 3 mg, even up to 6mg if you needed. 60 ml bottle of juice = 3 x 10ml bottle of nicotine shot. Shop 20mg nicotine e-liquids now at Vape Club. FREE expedited shipping. 40mg/5ml. How Many Nic Shots Do I Need For 100ml Kingston? Kingston E-LIquid comes in a 120ml bottle which is only partially filled to 100ml, this allows room for 2 nicotine shots to make 120ml 3mg. If this strength exceeds the 20mg/ml (2%) limit imposed by TPD regulations, the only viable option may be for vapers to make their own e-juice. When adding the 10ml 15mg nic shot to a 50ml shortfill you will create 60ml of 2. 18mg/ml nicotine content. The “nic shot” (or nicshot) is also limited by the TPD in terms of capacity and nicotine levels. The remaining space allows you to add a 10ml nicotine shot (or two) to boost to your desired nicotine strength. Many thanks for your help, just want to make sure i get it right Thankyou 100ml short fill – add two 10ml 18mg nic shots to take it up to 3mg. Additional information. A £1. Take the cap off your chosen nicotine shot and squeeze the desired amount into your shortfill bottle. 2 x 18mg shot will make 100ml - 120ml of 3mg Eliquid . Due to getting roughly 75 mg of caffeine in such a small serving, people feel they are getting more caffeine than they would by drinking an entire cup of regular coffee. 20 = £1. To compare there is about 20mg of nicotine in 1g of tobacco, compared to that of 0. Nicotine shots or nic shots for short are the new TPD compliant way of obtaining nicotine for DIY mixing. 6mg. jezza said: ↑. £ 0. Aniseed, Blueberry, Fruity, Menthol . This can be done without requiring the user to go on strict diets or obsessively exercise. feeling tired. A 10ml bottle therefore contains 180mg of nicotine. Standard effects. This equates to 51. 95. SKU: JWNNicotineShot10ml70VG Categories: E-liquids, E-Liquids 10ml, Nic Shots. You're now ready to vape!We take a look at what shortfills and nic shots are, and how you can use them to make your vaping experience cheaper and more customised. 5 fl. 95. This allows vapers to manage their own nicotine levels. #2 speedfreek67, Feb 22, 2020. Nic Nic 50/50 Shot 10ml 18mg. ;. 0. Once your provider finds a dose that. This is a great liquid for discreet vaping, topping up on nicotine or diluting a juice. £ 1. Although they are primarily intended for use with Pod Kits, nic salts can in fact be used with any tank with a higher resistance coil. 0 mL are for doses more than 50 units of insulin and are numbered at 2 units per interval. Volume: 10 ml To get 6mg nic salt strength of 50ml Eliquid, just simply add this nicotine booster to your shortfill or premix base. My E-liquid Supplies stock the lowest priced salt concentrate online, and they work with all vape flavours!How many Nic Shots Do I Need?. Element Nic Salt Shot 10ml 20mg. Salt enters the body differently n hits you faster. 99. Add 1. Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Calculator. However, many variables can affect how quickly alcohol. Likewise, a half-pint of alcohol bottle size isn’t exactly half of an actual pint. An 8-ounce cup of regular coffee contains 95 mg of caffeine. Shortfills contain a 0mg e-liquid with enough room to add nicotine in up to a 3mg. These nicotine shots are. Here is how to achieve a 3mg overall mixture with different amounts of e liquid. Total ml of e-liquid x (VG or PG/100) = ml content. For those who want to get a bit more out of their alcohol, they can move up to a quarter pint, which is 100 milliliters and will give you two shots. 50/50 Nic shots will be used to add nicotine to short-fill bottles of vape juice that come in a 0mg strength due to TPD regulations that came into power several years back. For a 50ml quantity of nicotine-free e-liquid, add one nic shot. Tablet. The pH is 4. 5ml of nic = purchase 1 x 10ml nic shots and use 4. Get 10% Off Your First Order With Code VV10. If you have a 100ml shortfill, then 2 x 10ml nic shots create a 120ml E-Liquid with 3mg of nicotine. Uses; Side effects; Warnings; Before taking; Dosage; Interactions; What is zoledronic acid?Using a 12 mg/ml e-juice, you’d have to vaporize over 40 ml to approach 500 mg of nicotine vaporised. Our free vape calculators are specifically designed to help you calculate the correct values you need in all vaping situations. 40mg. Top Shot 18mg Nic Shot. You Will Need: 1 x 18mg Nic Shot; Target strength: 120ml, 3. We sell three types of nic shots, standard 18ng nic shots, 20mg nic salt shots and ice shots. Add one 10ml bottle of 36mg nic salt to 50ml of e-liquid and it will make a total of 60ml in 6mg from a single shot. As 1cm 3 = 1ml it's a 1:1 conversion. , zero, to 36 mg per milliliter. Divide by 1,000. 5 x 18mg or 20mg flavourless nic-shots to achieve 100ml of 3mg juice. There are two ways of adding a “nic” shot to zero nicotine e-liquid. You can calculate how much nicotine to add to your shortfills by using our handy calculator, or. There are two types of nicotine, one being salt nic and the other being the traditional Nicotine Booster. Realistically, this just isn’t going to happen. 23 ml : 430 mg = 0. £ 0. Adding 70VG/30PG 18mg 10ml Nicotine Shots to 50ml of E-Liquid. This might seem like a complicated process for new vapers. 001 ml; multiply the given value by 1000 to get the result. Volume: 50 ml. £ 1. Nicotine Strength 20mg/ml Remove This. 12mg. 35 mg. Prodotto Made in Italy. Call your doctor or pharmacist for instructions. There might be a little extra space on top of this to make it easy to shake up. Shortfills are usually flavoured to allow for only 1 x 10ml 18mg nic shot, giving a final nicotine content of 3mg/ml. When adding the 10ml 18mg nic shot to a 50ml shortfill you will create 60ml of 3mg e-liquid, whilst adding 2x 10ml 18mg nic shots to a 100ml shortfill will create 120ml of 3mg e-liquid. 2%. The lower resistance options (0. Use this calculator to work out how much nicotine to add to your shortfills to get the strength you want. Your provider will adjust your dose depending on how your body responds to this medication. How many NIC shots are in 120ml? 100ml shortfil + 2 x 10ml nic shots = 120ml of 3mg e-liquid. Conversely, to convert from a percentage to mg/mL, multiply the percentage by. The 20mg nicotine shot contains 11mg nicotine salt and 9mg benzoate acid for a combined strength of 20mg. Reviews. 50ml shortfill: Add 1/2 of an 18mg nicotine shot. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose. Only £1. 19 Mar, 2015PLEASE NOTE THE PACKAGING NOW STATES 20MG. To make 100ml base vape juice into 3mg nic level juice: 100ml base + 20ml nicotine = 120ml of 3mg nicotine vape juice; To make 50ml base vape juice into 3mg nic level juice: 50ml base + 10ml nicotine = 60ml of 3mg nicotine vape juice As Cozy said, use 50/50 to keep the ratio the same but adding 3 shots is going to massively dilute the flavour. 3mg eliquid. Depending on the strength you are after and the size. 25ml short fill – add a 5ml 18mg nic shot to take it up to 3mg. Calculate Nic Shots For Shortfills. 5ml of nic = purchase 1 x 10ml nic shots and use 1. 7 g/mL. 5 mg/ml (0. We recommend using any vg nic shot with this Kingston to ensure you get the best results vaping their premium liquid. The combination of freebase and salt nicotine in hybrids delivers fast absorption and a slightly more noticeable throat hit. Nicotine Shots are 10ml bottles of e-liquid which are designed to be added to nicotine-free Shortfill E-Liquids to increase their nicotine strength. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. The nicotine strength refers to the amount of nicotine per millilitre of e-liquid. The specific compounds used in these injections help induce the natural processes for burning fat within the body. 1 nic shot — very low nicotine (1. Shorty Nics Salt Nicotine Shot 36mg. Maximum dose: 40 mg/day. Show 24 more products. We send the nic shots together with your favourite vape e. Unlike the previous guidelines from 2011, the new guidelines define. Nicotine is an optional addition to e-liquid, and the majority of vape juices are available in strengths of 0mg, 3mg, 6mg and 12mg. VG/PG ratio: 100% PG. The analysis also showed that eight devices purporting to contain no addictive substances did contain some, with many containing almost 20mg/ml of nicotine – the legal limit in the UK. Ml of Nic Shot added. 9%) Drug class: Glucocorticoids. The symptoms of impairment can start as soon as you have a drink and may become worse the faster you drink. Quick view. Nic shots are 10ml bottles of unflavoured or menthol nicotine ranging in strengths from 18-20mg and available in regular and salt blends. How to make your E-Liquid Nic shot mixing guide 1. Typically most shortfill bottles are 70:30 VG to PG ratio, but you can find some 100% VG shortfills too. Max VG Nic Shots: Perfect for mixing with high VG short fills (70:30 or 80:20) Ice Nic Shots: These work similar to nic shots except, rather than being unflavoured, they have a refreshing menthol taste. 77 mg. 120ml. 5 US fl oz) or 43 ml (1. To calculate 100 Milliliters to the corresponding value in Cups, multiply the quantity in Milliliters by 0. The mg is the standard unit of measurement of the amount of nicotine in e-juice. Shop the full range of short fill e-liquids, nic salts and nicotine shots, available in 10ml, 25ml, 50ml and 100ml bottles. This is the size of the bottle you want to fill with e-liquid. 0. However you will burn. 60 ml 15* . (mL) Caffeine (mg) Citrus (most brands) 8 (237) 0: Cola: 8 (237) 22: Root beer (most brands) 8 (237) 0: Energy drinks Size in oz. Nicotine Salt is found naturally in tobacco leaves and is absorbed by your body much quicker offering a faster nicotine hit. 18mg High Quality Nicotine Shot (nic shot) in a 10ml or 100ml Bottle. Strength of the nicotine shot you have – this will be the strength of the 10ml nic shot and. Instant coffee 1 mug (200ml) – 60mg caffeine. 2 ML = 2000 MG. 99. Now that you know how potent the oil is, you can determine how much you need to get a specific dose. If we say we have a quantity of 18mg nicotine shots and an amount of 72mg base nicotine strength, we can calculate the final overall nicotine strength if we combine the two together. DIY - In USA based company, which makes high-quality vape mixing materials. This is where our trusted shortfill calculator comes in handy, simply type in your volume of e-liquid, nicotine shot strength and your desired result and we’ll do the number crunching for you. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Suggested storage conditions: Dry, ventilated, dark area. 107mg of alcohol per 100ml of urine. If you are looking for a throat hit, try our free base (regular) nic shots. Dosage form: intravenous solution (4 mg/100 mL; 4 mg/5 mL; 5 mg/100 mL) Drug class: Bisphosphonates. 41 ml: 700 mg = 0. We assume you are converting between milliliter and shot. 7 standard drinks 355 mL can of extra strength beer (8% alcohol) = 1. £4. Nicotine shots or nic shots are 10ml bottles of flavourless e-liquid that can be added to 0mg vape juice like shortfills to increase their nicotine strength. You Will Need: ½ x 18mg Nic Shot; Target strength: 60ml, 3mg. SKE Crystal. 18mg. 02 percent. For 100ml Shortfill: How many nic shots for 100ml to get the right strength? 3mg Strength: Add 2 x 10ml 18mg nicotine shots. This means that a 10 ml bottle with a strength of 18 mg/ml will have 180 mg of nicotine in it (18 mg x 10 ml). So you can stock up on 100ml bottles of high-quality e-liquid in whatever combination you want. That's why we have developed a nic shot calculator to help you understand the concept. Nic Salt Shots work in the same way as regular Nic Shots, they just contain a smoother kind of nicotine. Final Result. The USDA value for Espresso coffee is 64 mg caffeine per fluid ounce. Shorty Nics 36mg Nic Shot available. 50ml + 1 nic shot = 60ml 3mg. 08 grams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood. 3. Therefore 1. Yes you are right – at the time it was because the main brands of Nic Salt were 10ml bottles of like 20mg strength- which would blow your head off in Sub Ohm gear – but now you can get the nic salt shots and make up low nic versions – I will amend that and say pre-mixed nic salt liquids with over 6mg would be a bit scary in sub ohm gear!Milliliter to Milligram Converter metric conversion table: 0. Citrus, Fruity, Lemon, Lime, Sweet, Tangy. Vial. 95 As low as $12. 9MG liquid by adding nicotine shots: 20 ml bottle of juice = 1 x 10ml bottle the nicotine shot. The maximum prescribed legal drink driving limit in England and Wales is 80mg/100ml blood or 0. ( 4 customer reviews) £ 16. 49 on all orders under £10. Depo-Medrol is used to treat many different inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, allergic disorders, gland (endocrine) disorders, and conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells. Formula is – milliliters = milligrams/1,000 × density. 99 Unit. which make it easier to simply add flavour to create e-liquid, or use these products to create nic shots. Better off using a higher strength nic concentrate. An additional 30ml or 60ml bottle may help make the process easier. VG specific gravity updated to 1. (mL) Caffeine (mg) Energy drink: 8 (237) 71. 8. Whether you’re buying Nic Shots or larger amounts of nicotine, its strength and the liquid it’s mixed in will be printed on the bottle. 25mL of nic shot. Similarly, if you have a U500 insulin product, and you need to. I hope that helps make it click for you. 2. A dose above 40 mg per day may be considered a high dose. 99. For example, in the United States (US), a BAC of 0. 3 ohms) can generally go from anything ranging between 60 and 110 watts. EAN: 5060574150841. 100% VG 10ml. Your denominator is 250*dose*day*mg. Available in a selection of VG/PG ratios , ideal for shortfills. It would be 2. 95. 50 surcharge is applied for all Saturday and Sunday deliveries. They will be making new kinds of 20mg juices that are essentially hybrids of nic salt and freebase nicotine. 001 kg: Qty: 1, 5. This requires 1 x 18-20mg nic shots to make 3mg 100ml / 120ml Bottle – This bottle has space for 2 x 18-20mg nic shots, to make the liquid up to 3mg 150ml / 180ml Bottle – Bottles such as Wick Liquors come in this format. Which gives us an answer of 0. 0). Each molecule of nicotine benzoate salt consists. Because the concentration/density is supplied in mg/ml, this computation is simpler.